The bicuspid aortic valve, a kind of heart disease that comes from parents, has been paid attention around the world. Thus, based on currently available data, we recommend careful patient selection within the heart team and shared decision-making with the informed patient. However, there is a major unmet need for more data, especially regarding long-term durability. However, data regarding the durability of the procedure are hitherto limited, and the procedure is associated with a higher complexity compared to aortic valve replacement.ĪVNeo using autologous pericardium in adult cardiac surgery is a promising technique providing several benefits. Potential benefits of this technique include excellent hemodynamic performances, minimal use of foreign material, low rates of permanent pacemaker implantation, and omission of oral anticoagulation. The aim of this article is to describe the technique of aortic valve neocuspidization using autologous pericardium (AVNeo, “OZAKI procedure”) in adult cardiac surgery, to analyze recent findings, and to discuss benefits and limitations of this technique. Long‐term follow‐up data are required for this novel approach to be widely adopted. The short‐ and midterm outcomes are comparable without the need for long‐term oral anticoagulation.

Three studies reported their experience performing AV Neo via ministernotomy.ĪV Neo can be a suitable alternative to surgical AV replacement in selected patients. 66% of patients had a native tricuspid aortic valve (AV) and 31.37% of patients' native AV was bicuspid. 66.32% and 23.92% of patients had aortic stenosis and aortic regurgitation, respectively. The mean age was 67.36 and 54.23% were male. This technique has become an alternative to tissue and mechanical valve in selected patients as long‐term anticoagulation is not required and shows promising midterm results and durability.Ī comprehensive search was performed on the major database using the search terms “Ozaki technique” AND “Aortic Valve Neocuspidization” AND “AV Neocuspidization” AND “Autologous pericardium” AND “glutaraldehyde‐treated autologous pericardium.” Articles up to August 1st, 2021 were included in this study.Ī total of nine studies with a total of 1342 patients were included. This finding highlights a novel property of the neural dynamics and functional architecture of a core human brain network at rest.Aortic valve neocuspidization (AV Neo) using glutaraldehyde‐treated autologous pericardium was first reported by Ozaki et al. Crucially, based on analytic knowledge about these two reconstruction algorithms, we demonstrated with simulations that this empirical observation could be explained by the existence of a spontaneous linear, approximately zero-lag synchronization structure between areas of the DMN or among multiple sources within the PMC. On this basis, we recommend that future electrophysiological studies on the DMN should rely on Minimum Norm Estimation (or close variants) rather than on the classical Beamformer. Our results identified the reconstruction method as the critical factor influencing PMC functional connectivity, which was significantly dampened by the Beamformer. Since these works were based on different MEG recording systems and different source reconstruction pipelines, we compared DMN functional connectivity estimated with two distinct MEG systems (Elekta, now MEGIN, and CTF) and two widely used reconstruction algorithms (Minimum Norm Estimation and linearly constrained minimum variance Beamformer). However, MEG studies relying on band-limited power envelope correlation diverge in their ability to identify the PMC as a part of the DMN in healthy subjects at rest.

Non-invasive electrophysiological techniques such as magnetoencephalography (MEG) are crucial to the investigation of the neurophysiology of the DMN and its alteration by brain disorders. Because of their centrality, they are affected by a wide spectrum of brain disorders, e.g., Alzheimer's disease.

The default-mode network (DMN) and its principal core hubs in the posterior midline cortices (PMC), i.e., the precuneus and the posterior cingulate cortex, play a critical role in the human brain structural and functional architecture.

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